Sed In One Line

Articolo Di Amadori Su Grillo ◂ ▸ Awk In One Line
2008/11/22

FILE SPACING:

# double space a file
sed G

# double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file
# should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.
sed '/^$/d;G'

# triple space a file
sed 'G;G'

# undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank)
sed 'n;d'

# insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'

# insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/G'

# insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'

NUMBERING:

# number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see
# note on 't' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins.
sed = filename | sed 'N;s/n/t/'

# number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)
sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^//; s/ *(.{6,})n/1  /'

# number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank
sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/n/ /'

# count lines (emulates "wc -l")
sed -n '$='

TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
sed 's/.$//'# assumes that all lines end with CR/LF
sed 's/^M$//'# in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M
sed 's/x0D$//'  # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
sed "s/$/`echo -e r`/"  # command line under ksh
sed 's/$'"/`echo r`/"   # command line under bash
sed "s/$/`echo r`/"# command line under zsh
sed 's/$/r/'# gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
sed "s/$//" # method 1
sed -n p# method 2

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
# Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The
# UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch
# which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing
# DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS
# environment. Use "tr" instead.
sed "s/r//" infile >outfile# UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher
tr -d r outfile  # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher

# delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line
# aligns all text flush left
sed 's/^[ t]*//'# see note on 't' at end of file

# delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line
sed 's/[ t]*$//'# see note on 't' at end of file

# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line
sed 's/^[ t]*//;s/[ t]*$//'

# insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)
sed 's/^//'

# align all text flush right on a 79-column width
sed -e :a -e 's/^.{1,78}$/ &/;ta'  # set at 78 plus 1 space

# center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1,
# spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing
# spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at
# the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and
# no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines.
sed  -e :a -e 's/^.{1,77}$/ & /;ta' # method 1
sed  -e :a -e 's/^.{1,77}$/ &/;ta' -e 's/( *)1/1/'  # method 2

# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line
sed 's/foo/bar/'   # replaces only 1st instance in a line
sed 's/foo/bar/4'  # replaces only 4th instance in a line
sed 's/foo/bar/g'  # replaces ALL instances in a line
sed 's/(.*)foo(.*foo)/1bar2/' # replace the next-to-last case
sed 's/(.*)foo/1bar/'  # replace only the last case

# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"
sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'

# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"
sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'

# change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"
sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g'   # most seds
gsed 's/scarlet|ruby|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only

# reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")
# bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted
sed '1!G;h;$!d'# method 1
sed -n '1!G;h;$p'   # method 2

# reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev")
sed '/n/!G;s/(.)(.*n)/&21/;//D;s/.//'

# join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste")
sed '$!N;s/n/ /'

# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it
sed -e :a -e '/$/N; s/n//; ta'

# if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line
# and replace the "=" with a single space
sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'

# add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567"
gsed ':a;s/B[0-9]{3}>/,&/;ta' # GNU sed
sed -e :a -e 's/(.*[0-9])([0-9]{3})/1,2/;ta'  # other seds

# add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed)
gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/12,3/g;ta'

# add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.)
gsed '0~5G'   # GNU sed only
sed 'n;n;n;n;G;'   # other seds

SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES:

# print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")
sed 10q

# print first line of file (emulates "head -1")
sed q

# print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail")
sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'

# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")
sed '$!N;$!D'

# print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")
sed '$!d'# method 1
sed -n '$p'   # method 2

# print the next-to-the-last line of a file
sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x# for 1-line files, print blank line
sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print the line
sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print nothing

# print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")
sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1
sed '/regexp/!d'   # method 2

# print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v")
sed -n '/regexp/!p'# method 1, corresponds to above
sed '/regexp/d'# method 2, simpler syntax

# print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line
# containing the regexp
sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h'

# print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line
# containing the regexp
sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}'

# print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number
# indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1")
sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)
sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep")
sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d# most seds
gsed '/AAA|BBB|CCC/!d'# GNU sed only

# print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs)
# HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d
gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA|BBB|CCC/b;d'# GNU sed only

# print only lines of 65 characters or longer
sed -n '/^.{65}/p'

# print only lines of less than 65 characters
sed -n '/^.{65}/!p'   # method 1, corresponds to above
sed '/^.{65}/d'  # method 2, simpler syntax

# print section of file from regular expression to end of file
sed -n '/regexp/,$p'

# print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)
sed -n '8,12p'# method 1
sed '8,12!d'  # method 2

# print line number 52
sed -n '52p'  # method 1
sed '52!d'# method 2
sed '52q;d'   # method 3, efficient on large files

# beginning at line 3, print every 7th line
gsed -n '3~7p'# GNU sed only
sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds

# print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)
sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p'   # case sensitive

SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES:

# print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions
sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d'

# delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq").
# First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted.
sed '$!N; /^(.*)n1$/!P; D'

# delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to
# overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed.
sed -n 'G; s/n/&&/; /^([ -~]*n).*n1/d; s/n//; h; P'

# delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d").
sed '$!N; s/^(.*)n1$/1/; t; D'

# delete the first 10 lines of a file
sed '1,10d'

# delete the last line of a file
sed '$d'

# delete the last 2 lines of a file
sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d'

# delete the last 10 lines of a file
sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D'   # method 1
sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba'  # method 2

# delete every 8th line
gsed '0~8d'  # GNU sed only
sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds

# delete lines matching pattern
sed '/pattern/d'

# delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")
sed '/^$/d'  # method 1
sed '/./!d'  # method 2

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also
# deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s")
sed '/./,/^$/!d'# method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF
sed '/^$/N;/n$/D'   # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2:
sed '/^$/N;/n$/N;//D'

# delete all leading blank lines at top of file
sed '/./,$!d'

# delete all trailing blank lines at end of file
sed -e :a -e '/^n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}'  # works on all seds
sed -e :a -e '/^n*$/N;/n$/ba'   # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.*

# delete the last line of each paragraph
sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}'

SPECIAL APPLICATIONS:

# remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo'
# command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell.
sed "s/.`echo b`//g"# double quotes required for Unix environment
sed 's/.^H//g'   # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H
sed 's/.x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed

# get Usenet/e-mail message header
sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line

# get Usenet/e-mail message body
sed '1,/^$/d'# deletes everything up to first blank line

# get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion
sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q'

# get return address header
sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q'

# parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself
# from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script)
sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/>.*//; s/.*[:<] *//'

# add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message)
sed 's/^/> /'

# delete leading angle bracket & space from each line (unquote a message)
sed 's/^> //'

# remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags)
sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/zipup.bat
dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^(.*).TXT/pkzip -mo 1 1.TXT/" >>zipup.bat
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